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| All essential operators of C |
OPERATORS IN C-LANGUAGE
Definition:
Operators are the symbols that are used to perform
different operations on data provided by the user to the machine.
C language provides different
types of operators which are given below:
1.
Arithmetic operators
2.
Relational operators
3.
Logical operators
4.
Assignment operators
5.
Increment & Decrement operators
6.
Compound Assignment operators
Before starting the explanation
of the above operators we have to know about the concept of EXPRESSION. Let us know
about it.
EXPRESSION:
The expression is a statement that evaluates a value.
It gives a single value. It
consists of operands and operators. Operators are the symbols
that perform specific functions while Operands are the values on which
operations perform.
Example:
A+B;
Here A and B are operands while + is the operator.
So it is clear that operator may be constant, variables or combination of
both while operands are +,
-, *, /, %.
1-Arithmetic operators:
Arithmetic operators are
symbols that perform different mathematical operations on data.
C language
provides the facility of Arithmetic operations. All the basics operations we
perform in CALCULATOR are Arithmetic operations .e.g. +, -, *, /, %.
Addition(+):
It Adds two or more numbers. In C it is placed between two
or more variables.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a,b,c;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a+b;
printf(“their sum is:%d”,c);
}
Subtraction(-):
It subtract two or more numbers. Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a,b,c;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a-b;
printf(“their sum is:%d”,c);
}
Multiplication(*):
It multiplies two or more numbers. Eample:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a,b,c;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a*b;
printf(“their sum is:%d”,c);
}
Division(/):
It divides two or more numbers. Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a,b,c;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a/b;
printf(“their sum is:%d”,c);
}
Modulus(%):
Its sign is similar to a percentage but actually, it is not
it is called MODULUS.
Many students confuse with this operator but here is the
solution to the problem. It is also called the remainder
operator.
It works only with integer
values.
Example:
Ø 2%2==0
On division 2/2 answer will 1 but the remainder will zero(0) that is our
requirement.
Here modulus of different numbers given:
Ø 0%2==0
Ø 2%0==2
Ø 2%5==2
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a,b,c;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a%b;
printf(“their sum is:%d”,c);
}
2-Rational operators:
Rational
operators are used to specifying the condition in the program
It compares two values either
one is larger, smaller, or equal to the other. That’s why these operators are
called comparison
Operators. Also
they test the condition either true or false.
Rational
operators Include:
Rational
operators include the following symbols:
·
>(Greater than)
·
<(smaller than)
·
<=(smaller or equal than)
·
>=(Greater equal than)
·
==(Equal-only for true and false-)
·
!=(Not equal to)
Rational Expressions:
Rational expressions are A==B, A>B, A<B, A!=B, A,=B
and so on
Rational Expressions in Programs :
These operators are mostly used
in Decision construction(if, if-else,
if-else-if, switch). Some examples are given below:
Program#1: (Writing a program that gets two
numbers from the user and displays the maximum number using Rational operators)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
If(a>b)
Printf(“a is Greater than b”);
}
Program#2: (Writing a program which get two
numbers from user and displays the maximium number using Rational operators)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
If(a>b)
Printf(“a is Greater than b”);
Else
Printf(“b is Greater than a”);
}
Program#3: (Writing a program that gets three
numbers from the user and displays the maximum number using Rational operators)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b,c,Max;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
Printf(“Enter value of c:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&c);
Max=a;
If(Max<b)
Max=b;
If(Max<c)
Max=c;
Printf(“Maximium is %d”,Max);
}
3-Logical operators:
Logical
operators are used to evaluating the compound conditions.
Compound condition:
A type of condition in which more than one conditions are
Evaluated.
Example:
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b;
Printf(“Enter
value of a”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
If(a>100)
Printf(“OK”);
Else
Printf(“Invalid”);
}
(This is an example of a compound condition)
Types of Logical operators:
Ø AND operators(&&)
Ø OR operators(||)
Ø NOR operators(!)
AND operators(&&):
It is used to evaluate two conditions. It produces a TRUE result if both conditions are TRUE
if anyone condition FALES it
produce result FALSE.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
If(a>50 && b>50)
Printf(“Ok”);
Else()
Printf(“INvalid”);
}
OR operators(| |):
It also used to evaluate the two conditions. It produces TRUE result if BOTH or any ONE condition will TRUE.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Main()
{
Int a,b;
Printf(“Enter value of a:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&a);
Printf(“Enter value of b:”);
Scanf(“%d”,&b);
If(a>50 || b>50)
Printf(“Ok”);
Else()
Printf(“INvalid”);
}
NOR operators(!):
It is used to REVERSE the result of the condition. It
gives a TRUE result if the condition is FALSE and vise versa.
Example:
Program(write a program that
reads the current state of the telephone line. User should enter Z for working
state and X for the dead state. Any other input should be invalid.)
#include<stdio.h>
Main()
{
Char a;
Do
{
Printf(“Enter the state of phone[Z for working and X
for Dead]”);
Scanf(“%c”,&a);
}
While(!=‘Z’ && !=’X’);
}
4-Assignment operator:
This operator is used to assigning a value to a variable.
Its symbol is “=” and it is
placed between the LVALUE and RVALUE.
LVALUE:
It is an operand that can be
written on the left side of the assignment operator. It must always be a single
value.
RVALUE:
It is an operand that can be
written on the Right side of the assignment operator.
All Lvalues can be used as Rvalues but all Rvalues can't
be use as Lvalue
Example:
Ø A=x+1;
Ø B=a+c;
A and B
are lvalues while x+1 and a+c are rvalues.
5-Compound Assignment operators:
A statement that assigns a
value to many variables is known as compound
statement. For example;
Ø A=B=C=D=10
C language provides Compound
assignment operators that combine assignment operators with arithmetic
operators.
Syntax
of Compound assignment operators is:
Ø Variable op=expression;
Example:
Ø A+=10; It is equal to A=A+10;
Ø A-=10; It is equal to A=A-10;
Ø A*=10; It is equal to A=A*10;
Ø A/=10; It is equal to A=A/10;
Ø A%=10; It is equal to A=A%10;
6-Increment and Decrement operators:
We’ll explain the concept of
Increment operators and decrement operators.
Increment operator:
It
is used to increase the value of the variable by 1. It is denoted by ‘++’(it is
unary operator and works with a single value).
It can be written in two ways:
A++: It is a postfix form.
++A: It is prefix form.
Decrement operator:
It
is used to decrease the value of the variable by 1. It is denoted by ‘--’(it is a unary operator and works with a single value).
It can be written in two ways:
A--: It is postfix form.
--A: It is prefix form.
Difference Between Prefix and Postfix Increment and
Decrement:
When Increment and Decrement
operators have used independently then prefix and postfix forms work similarly.
For example;
{
A=1;
A++; //Here value of A is 2
++A; // Here value of A is 2
B=2;
B--; // Here value of B is 1
--B; // Here value of B is 1
}
But when Increment operators and decrement operators are used
in a large expression with other operators, prefix, and postfix work
differently.
Example:
A statement A=++B works in the following ways:
Ø It increments the value of B by 1 (++B)
Ø It assigns the value of B to A (A=B)
A statement A=B++ works in the following ways:
Ø It assigns the value of B to A (A=B)
Ø It increments the value of B by 1 (B++)
Same process with the decrement
operators.
Thanks for visiting
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1 Comments
nice work and good information
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